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Persian Calendar Calculator

Convert between Gregorian and Persian (Jalali/Solar Hijri) calendar dates. View Persian months and holidays.

Persian Months

1. Farvardin
2. Ordibehesht
3. Khordad
4. Tir
5. Mordad
6. Shahrivar
7. Mehr
8. Aban
9. Azar
10. Dey
11. Bahman
12. Esfand

July 18, 2026

18 Mordad 1405

Summer

Date Details

Persian Year: 1405 AP (Anno Persico)

Month: Mordad (5/12)

Day: 18

Leap Year: No

Persian Holidays

NowruzPersian New Year
Nowruz HolidayNew Year Holiday
Sizdah BedarNature Day
Oil NationalizationNational Day
Chaharshanbe SuriFire Festival

The Persian calendar (also known as Jalali or Solar Hijri) is a solar calendar used in Iran and Afghanistan. The year begins on the vernal equinox (Nowruz).

What Is the Persian (Solar Hijri) Calendar?

The Persian calendar (also called the Solar Hijri calendar, Taqvim-e Shamsi, or Jalali calendar) is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan. It is a solar calendar that begins from the same epoch as the Islamic Hijri calendar — the migration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE — but unlike the purely lunar Islamic calendar, the Persian calendar is aligned with the solar year using a sophisticated astronomical system.

The Persian year begins on the spring equinox (Nowruz — Persian New Year, literally "New Day"), which falls on or around March 20–21 of the Gregorian calendar. This ensures the calendar seasons remain aligned with the solar year. The current Persian year 1405 corresponds approximately to March 2026 – March 2027.

The Persian calendar consists of 12 months: the first six have 31 days each, the next five have 30 days each, and the last month (Esfand) has 29 days in common years or 30 days in leap years. The leap year rule is complex: unlike the Gregorian calendar's simple century rules, Persian leap years are determined by which years in a 2820-year grand cycle fall in 8-year or 5-year sub-cycles, giving a very accurate average year of 365.24219858 days — even closer to the actual tropical year than the Gregorian calendar.

Persian Calendar Conversion Algorithm

The conversion from Gregorian to Persian uses the Borkowski algorithm based on Persian calendar astronomy.

Gregorian to Persian (Simplified)

pYear ≈ gYear − 621 (if before Nowruz: − 622); Nowruz ≈ March 20/21 each Gregorian year

Where:

  • gDays= Total days since a reference Gregorian date, computed from year/month/day components
  • pDaysInMonth[i]= Days per Persian month: [31,31,31,31,31,31,30,30,30,30,30,29/30]
  • persianYear= Approximately gYear − 621 or − 622 depending on whether Nowruz has occurred
  • persianMonth= Determined by counting accumulated days through 12-month structure
  • isLeapYear= Persian leap year when the year falls in the leap positions of the 2820-year grand cycle

Persian Calendar Months

# Month Name Days Gregorian Equivalent
1Farvardin31March–April
2Ordibehesht31April–May
7Mehr30September–October
12Esfand29/30Feb–March (leap month)

Nowruz — Persian New Year

Nowruz (نوروز, "New Day") is the Persian New Year, celebrated on the spring equinox — the exact astronomical moment the Sun crosses the celestial equator northward. It falls between March 19–21 each Gregorian year, with the exact time calculated astronomically (not by a fixed rule). Nowruz is a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage and is celebrated by over 300 million people across Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, Turkey, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and diaspora communities worldwide. It predates Islam by thousands of years, with roots in Zoroastrian traditions.

How to Use This Calculator

  1. Select a Gregorian Date: Choose any date using the date picker.
  2. Read the Persian Date: The equivalent Persian Solar Hijri date is displayed with month name, day, and year.
  3. Holidays: If the date falls on a major Persian or Iranian holiday, this is indicated in the results.

Worked Examples

June 7, 2026 in Persian Calendar

Problem:

What is June 7, 2026 in the Persian calendar?

Solution Steps:

  1. 1Persian year 1405 runs from approximately March 20, 2026 to March 20, 2027
  2. 2June 7 is after Nowruz 1405 → in year 1405
  3. 3Farvardin (month 1) = March 20 – April 19 (31 days)
  4. 4Ordibehesht (month 2) = April 20 – May 20 (31 days)
  5. 5Khordad (month 3) = May 21 – June 20 (31 days)
  6. 6June 7 is day 7 + (31 − (June 7 − May 21)) in month 3... June 7 = day 17 of Khordad
  7. 7Result: 17 Khordad 1405

Result:

June 7, 2026 = 17 Khordad 1405 in the Persian Solar Hijri calendar.

Nowruz 2026 in Gregorian

Problem:

When does Nowruz 1405 occur?

Solution Steps:

  1. 1Nowruz = spring equinox = when Sun reaches 0° ecliptic longitude
  2. 2Nowruz 1405: approximately March 20, 2026 at 22:46 UTC (astronomical calculation)
  3. 3In Iran (UTC+3:30): 02:16 March 21, 2026 local time
  4. 4Official Persian New Year begins at this exact astronomical moment

Result:

Nowruz 1405 (start of Persian year 1405) = March 20, 2026 at approximately 22:46 UTC.

Persian Year Calculation

Problem:

What Persian year corresponds to Gregorian year 2024?

Solution Steps:

  1. 1For dates after Nowruz (March 20/21): Persian year = Gregorian year − 621
  2. 2For dates before Nowruz: Persian year = Gregorian year − 622
  3. 32024 after Nowruz: 2024 − 621 = 1403
  4. 42024 before Nowruz (Jan 1 to ~March 19): 2024 − 622 = 1402

Result:

Persian year 1403 corresponds to March 20, 2024 – March 19, 2025 Gregorian.

Tips & Best Practices

  • ✓Quick approximation: Persian year ≈ Gregorian year − 621 (after Nowruz) or − 622 (before Nowruz).
  • ✓Nowruz always falls between March 19–21 — the exact day and time depend on the astronomical spring equinox.
  • ✓The first 6 Persian months have 31 days, the next 5 have 30 days, and the 12th has 29 (30 in leap years).
  • ✓Persian New Year celebrations (Haft-Seen table, visits, gifts) occur during the first 13 days of Farvardin.
  • ✓The 13th day of Nowruz (Sizdah Bedar) is spent outdoors — the tradition of 'thirteen-outdoor' to ward off bad luck.
  • ✓Business hours in Iran are significantly reduced during the first 2 weeks of Farvardin (Nowruz holiday period).

Related Calculators

Islamic Calendar Calculator

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Hebrew Calendar Calculator

Convert to the Hebrew lunisolar calendar

Equinox Calculator

Find the exact spring equinox date (Persian New Year)

Thai Calendar Calculator

Convert to the Thai Buddhist Era calendar

Frequently Asked Questions

Both the Persian Solar Hijri and Islamic Hijri calendars count years from the Hijra (622 CE), but they use fundamentally different systems. The Islamic calendar is purely lunar (354 days/year), causing it to drift through the seasons. The Persian calendar is solar — aligned to the spring equinox — making it stay in sync with the seasons permanently. The Persian and Islamic years are currently about 46 years apart in numbering due to the accumulated difference in year lengths.
By some measures, yes. The Persian calendar's sophisticated 2820-year leap year cycle produces an average year of 365.24219858 days, compared to the actual tropical year of 365.24219879 days — an error of only 1 day in about 141,000 years. The Gregorian calendar's 400-year cycle gives 365.2425 days/year — off by 1 day in about 3,280 years. However, the Gregorian calendar's simpler rules make it more practical for civil use globally.
Both Iran and Afghanistan officially use the Solar Hijri calendar, but with some differences. Iran uses the astronomical observationally-determined Nowruz (spring equinox moment), making it precisely solar. Afghanistan uses the Solar Hijri calendar but calculates Nowruz by a fixed rule rather than astronomical observation. The month names also differ: Iran uses Persian (Farvardin, Ordibehesht...) while Afghanistan uses the Dari/Pashto variants (Hamal, Sawr...), though the dates align.
The Persian year advances each spring equinox (Nowruz). In 2026, the Persian year 1405 begins on approximately March 20, 2026 and continues until the next Nowruz (approximately March 20, 2027). To find the approximate Persian year for any Gregorian date after Nowruz, subtract 621 from the Gregorian year; before Nowruz, subtract 622.
Nowruz predates Islam and is not a specifically Islamic holiday — it is a cultural, seasonal, and national celebration rooted in Zoroastrian Persian tradition, marking the renewal of nature at spring. It is celebrated by Iranians, Afghans, Kurds, Azerbaijanis, Uzbeks, Tajiks, and many other peoples across Central and Western Asia regardless of religion. UNESCO added Nowruz to the Intangible Cultural Heritage list in 2009, recognizing it as a shared cultural heritage of multiple countries and peoples.

Sources & References

Last updated: 2026-06-06

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Editorial Note

MyCalcBuddy Editorial Team

This page is maintained as an educational calculator reference.

Source

Formula Source: Standard Mathematical References

by Various

UpdatedLast reviewed: May 2026
CheckedFormula checks are based on standard references and internal QA review.

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